Basic Electrical Components ( Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor )

Inductor

An inductor is one of the most frequently used basic passive electrical component in electrical circuit.Its nothing but a piece of long conducting wire that is wound into a coil.You have a long conducting wire and you can use it to connect this conducting wire to flow current and in this case this wire will just act a path that will flow current. But when you wound this wire into a coil , then it is called inductor.

Before going to discuss in details about inductor, we just want to give a glance about its application in practical life. Mainly inductor does the following work in an electric circuit.

1. Inductor passes DC current but block AC current
2. Inductor uses as a filter in electronic circuit
3.Inductor stores energy in the form of magnetic field in an electronic circuit.

This are the main functions of an inductor in an electronic circuit and using this properties we can use inductor at various ways in our practical life.

Now come to the point. What is inductor ? As i stated above that, An inductor is an passive electrical component that can store energy in an electronic circuit and also show some resistance in circuit.The symbol of inductor is L and its unit is Henry (H) . For example ; 20mH

The resistance that an inductor shows in an electrical circuit is called inductive reactance and this type of reactance depends on the frequency of AC signal. As i stated before that , inductor does not show any inductance to DC signal .The inductive reactacne is given by 
XL = 2πfL

Here,
f = frequency of the ac signal (Hz)

L = inductance of the inductor(H)

inductor symbol

Inductor symbol


Inductor

Inductor


Form the above formula , if the frequency of ac signal is 60Hz, and we have an inductro of 20H , then the inductive reactance will be

XL = 2πfL 
     
 = 2×3.1416×50×2
= 6283.2 Ω


inductor circuit

Inductor circuit (DC)


DC response of an inductor

DC response of  an inductor



The circuit shows under dc condition and if we see the response curve of an inductor, then we see that, at zero time , i.e when the switch just on , at this time voltage was maximum and current was minimum and with time voltage decreases and current increases. From the figure , we see that current and voltage are exponential function. This is a very important property of an inductor. Using this property we make oscillator, which is a very essential component in TV, Radio, Radar, Digital communication etc.

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